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1990-08-30
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ID:51 Disabling Motherboard Memory
Quarterdeck Technical Note
by Stan Young
DISABLING MOTHERBOARD MEMORY
Q: Why can't I run more than 1 large program under DESQview
on my AT clone.
Many AT "clone" systems do not allow the motherboard to be configured
with less then 512k of memory. This is a difficult problem for users who
want to use an EEMS or EMS 4.0 memory board to run multiple programs
under DESQview.
The addition of an EEMS or EMS 4.0 expanded memory board will allow
DESQview to load portions of its code into memory addresses above 640K,
resulting in a larger first partition. To get this large first partition
does not require disabling memory on the motherboard. DESQview can then
allow you to run more than 640K of programs by swapping programs from the
first partition to expanded memory. However, if you want to run concurrent
or non- swappable programs using expanded memory, DESQview must be able to
map expanded memory pages down into the lower 640K. This is a function of
the EEMS or EMS 4.0 driver. The limitation is that the EMS driver can not
map memory into an area in use by something else; for example, your
motherboard RAM.
The size of the partitions that will be available after the first 640K
is used up is defined by the size of the area between the installation
address of the expanded memory board and the base address of the video
card. Since an EGA card starts at a 640K address, an IBM AT or other
machine that can set up the expanded memory card at 256K will get a 384K
expanded memory partition, while a "clone" that can only set the
motherboard to 512K gets a 128K partition. Even on IBM machines, sometimes
this partition is not as large as one might desire.
There is nothing that software can do to rectify this restriction. This
is a hardware issue, based on the way expanded memory hardware works.
Q: So, what do you do if you have a machine that can only set motherboard
memory to 512K?
First, you should consult with the manufacturer's support personnel to
see if this is really the case. Many times there may be a way to set up
the machine, even though not documented in the manual. Additionally, some
manufacturers may have a new ROM or PAL chip that permits setting up the
motherboard at 256K or below. It should be noted that this is an issue of
compatibility. "Clone" machines that cannot set up the motherboard at 256K
are certainly not clones and are incompatible with the IBM machines at the
hardware level. Given a high enough level of interest from users, a
manufacturer may develop a fix for the problem.
Second, you might consider migrating into a 386 based environment
through the installation of a 386 motherboard or addon processor card.
Since the 386 chip has such vastly superior memory management, it is
possible to do all of the memory management necessary without special
hardware. On a 386 based machine, exTENDed memory is used to emulate EMS
4.0 memory and expanded memory pages can be set on the motherboard from 0K
without disabling any motherboard memory. Additionally, there are other
benefits inherent to the 386 environment, such as extra speed and
reliability.
Third, you might consider the addition of a 286 Memory Management Unit
(MMU), such as the All Computer's ChargeCard or Sota Technologies SotaPop
card, which provide a 286 machine with some of the memory management
capability that you would get from a 386. As with a 386, when using an 286
MMU, memory management is provided at the CPU level and expanded memory
pages can be set on the motherboard from 0K WITHOUT DISABLING ANY
MOTHERBOARD MEMORY!. While these cards do not increase speed or provide
the virtual 86 mode of the 386, they do provide an avenue for obtaining a
fully functional EMS 4.0 system at a modest price.
Copyright (C) 1990 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
* * * E N D O F F I L E * * *